1. Home
  2. Vol 5, No 2 (2023)
  3. Lao

Systematic Review on the Effects of Food on Mental Health via Gut Microbiome

Simone Lao, Shayna Keying Seow, Rong Ting Ong, Vaidehi S. Dave, Maurice HT Ling

Abstract


Recent studies have suggested that diet may affect the gut microbiome, subsequently influencing mental health. While several systematic reviews have been done on the effects of diet on mental health via the gut microbiome, there are focused on either specific diets or mental disorders. This systematic review examines the effect of diet and broad-based mental health via the gut microbiome. 21 out of 99 studies published prior to 2023 and listed in PubMed are included. Our analysis suggests that a vegan diet, a Mediterranean-style diet, fiber, probiotics, dietary vitamin D, unpasteurized milk, foods with a low omega-3 to omega-6 ratio, and Xiao Yan Sanmay have positive effects on gut microbiome, leading to a positive influence on mental health, while a meat-rich diet, a high-fat diet, high fructose intake, and zinc deficiency may have negative effects on gut microbiome, leading to a negative influence on mental health. Collectively, the effects of diet on mental health via gut microbiome may be explained by the composition of gut microbiome and the metabolites produced by gut microbiome on gut permeability.

 

Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2023-05-02-05

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Mental Health; Gut Microbiome; Diet; Food.

References


Adan, R. A. H., van der Beek, E. M., Buitelaar, J. K., Cryan, J. F., Hebebrand, J., Higgs, S., Schellekens, H., & Dickson, S. L. (2019). Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(12), 1321–1332. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011.

Appleton, J. (2018). The gut-brain axis: Influence of microbiota on mood and mental health. Integrative Medicine (Boulder), 17(4), 28–32.

Grosso, G. (2021). Nutritional psychiatry: How diet affects brain through gut microbiota. Nutrients, 13(4), 1282. doi:10.3390/nu13041282.

Carabotti, M., Scirocco, A., Maselli, M. A., & Severi, C. (2015). The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Annals of gastroenterology: quarterly publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology, 28(2), 203-209.

Czeisler, M. É., Lane, R. I., Petrosky, E., Wiley, J. F., Christensen, A., Njai, R., Weaver, M. D., Robbins, R., Facer-Childs, E. R., Barger, L. K., Czeisler, C. A., Howard, M. E., & Rajaratnam, S. M. W. (2020). Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation during the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, June 24–30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(32), 1049–1057. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932a1.

Firth, J., Firth, J., Gangwisch, J. E., Gangwisch, J. E., Borisini, A., Wootton, R. E., Wootton, R. E., Wootton, R. E., Mayer, E. A., & Mayer, E. A. (2020). Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? The BMJ, 369. doi:10.1136/bmj.m2382.

Medawar, E., Huhn, S., Villringer, A., & Veronica Witte, A. (2019). The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 226. doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0552-0.

Offor, S. J., Orish, C. N., Frazzoli, C., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2021). Augmenting Clinical Interventions in Psychiatric Disorders: Systematic Review and Update on Nutrition. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 565583. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.565583.

Vindegaard, N., Speyer, H., Nordentoft, M., Rasmussen, S., & Benros, M. E. (2021). Gut microbial changes of patients with psychotic and affective disorders: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Research, 234, 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.014.

Alving-Jessep, E., Botchway, E., Wood, A. G., Hilton, A. C., & Blissett, J. M. (2022). The development of the gut microbiome and temperament during infancy and early childhood: A systematic review. Developmental Psychobiology, 64(7), 1-20. doi:10.1002/dev.22306.

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372. doi:10.1136/bmj.n71.

Sarkis-Onofre, R., Catalá-López, F., Aromataris, E., & Lockwood, C. (2021). How to properly use the PRISMA Statement. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 13643–021–01671–. doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01671-z.

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., Antes, G., Atkins, D., Barbour, V., Barrowman, N., Berlin, J. A., Clark, J., Clarke, M., Cook, D., D’Amico, R., Deeks, J. J., Devereaux, P. J., Dickersin, K., Egger, M., Ernst, E., Gøtzsche, P. C., … Tugwell, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.

Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000100. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100.

Yang, Y., Zhong, Z., Wang, B., & Wang, Y. (2022). Xiaoyao San ameliorates high-fat diet-induced anxiety and depression via regulating gut microbiota in mice. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 156. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113902.

Fendrich, S. J., Koralnik, L. R., Bonner, M., Goetz, D., Joe, P., Lee, J., Mueller, B., Robinson-Papp, J., Gonen, O., Clemente, J. C., & Malaspina, D. (2022). Patient-reported exposures and outcomes link the gut-brain axis and inflammatory pathways to specific symptoms of severe mental illness. Psychiatry Research, 312, 114526. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114526.

Park, S. S., Kim, T. W., Kim, B. K., Kim, S. H., Park, J. S., & Shin, M. S. (2022). The effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, and microbiome in obese mice. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 18(3), 171–178. doi:10.12965/jer.2244278.139.

Kohnert, E., Kreutz, C., Binder, N., Hannibal, L., Gorkiewicz, G., Müller, A., Storz, M. A., Huber, R., & Lederer, A. K. (2021). Changes in gut microbiota after a four-week intervention with vegan vs. Meat-rich diets in healthy participants: A randomized controlled trial. Microorganisms, 9(4), 727. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9040727.

Butler, M. I., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Long-Smith, C., Berding, K., Morkl, S., Cusack, A. M., Strain, C., Busca, K., Porteous-Allen, P., Claesson, M. J., Stanton, C., Cryan, J. F., Allen, D., & Dinan, T. G. (2020). Recipe for a healthy gut: Intake of unpasteurised milk is associated with increased lactobacillus abundance in the human gut microbiome. Nutrients, 12(5), 1468. doi:10.3390/nu12051468.

LiÅ›kiewicz, P., PeÅ‚ka-Wysiecka, J., Kaczmarczyk, M., Åoniewski, I., WroÅ„ski, M., Baba-Kubiś˛, A., Skonieczna-żydecka, K., Marlicz, W., Misiak, B., & Samochowiec, J. (2019). Fecal microbiota analysis in patients going through a depressive episode during treatment in a psychiatric hospital setting. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(2), 164. doi:10.3390/jcm8020164.

Liu, Z., Li, L., Ma, S., Ye, J., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Sair, A. T., Pan, J., Liu, X., Li, X., Yan, S., & Liu, X. (2020). High-Dietary Fiber Intake Alleviates Antenatal Obesity-Induced Postpartum Depression: Roles of Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolite Short-chain Fatty Acid Involved. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(47), 13697–13710. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04290.

Uemura, M., Hayashi, F., Ishioka, K., Ihara, K., Yasuda, K., Okazaki, K., Omata, J., Suzutani, T., Hirakawa, Y., Chiang, C., Aoyama, A., & Ohira, T. (2019). Obesity and mental health improvement following nutritional education focusing on gut microbiota composition in Japanese women: a randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition, 58(8), 3291–3302. doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1873-0.

Taylor, A. M., Thompson, S. V., Edwards, C. G., Musaad, S. M. A., Khan, N. A., & Holscher, H. D. (2020). Associations among diet, the gastrointestinal microbiota, and negative emotional states in adults. Nutritional Neuroscience, 23(12), 983–992. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1582578.

Kochalska, K., Oakden, W., SÅ‚owik, T., Chudzik, A., Pankowska, A., Åazorczyk, A., KozioÅ‚, P., Andres-Mach, M., Pietura, R., Rola, R., Stanisz, G. J., & Orzylowska, A. (2020). Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 restores brain neurochemical balance and mitigates the progression of mood disorder in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Nutrition Research, 82, 44–57. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.019.

Natale, N. R., Kent, M., Fox, N., Vavra, D., & Lambert, K. (2021). Neurobiological effects of a probiotic-supplemented diet in chronically stressed male Long-Evans rats: Evidence of enhanced resilience. IBRO Neuroscience Reports, 11, 207–215. doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.10.004.

Reininghaus, E. Z., Platzer, M., Kohlhammer-Dohr, A., Hamm, C., Mörkl, S., Bengesser, S. A., Fellendorf, F. T., Lahousen-Luxenberger, T., Leitner-Afschar, B., Schöggl, H., … Dalkner, N. (2020). Provit: Supplementary probiotic treatment and vitamin b7 in depression—a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 12(11), 1–17. doi:10.3390/nu12113422.

Abolghasemi, A., Manca, C., Iannotti, F. A., Shen, M., Leblanc, N., Lacroix, S., Martin, C., Flamand, N., Di Marzo, V., & Silvestri, C. (2021). Assessment of the effects of dietary vitamin d levels on olanzapine-induced metabolic side effects: Focus on the endocannabinoidome-gut microbiome axis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(22), 12361. doi:10.3390/ijms222212361.

Reemst, K., Tims, S., Yam, K.-Y., Mischke, M., Knol, J., Brul, S., Schipper, L., & Korosi, A. (2022). The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Effects of Early-Life Stress and Dietary Fatty Acids on Later-Life Central and Metabolic Outcomes in Mice. MSystems, 7(3), 1-22. doi:10.1128/msystems.00180-22.

Chompre, G., Sambolin, L., Cruz, M. L., Sanchez, R., Rodriguez, Y., Rodríguez-Santiago, R. E., Yamamura, Y., & Appleyard, C. B. (2022). A one month high fat diet disrupts the gut microbiome and integrity of the colon inducing adiposity and behavioral despair in male Sprague Dawley rats. Heliyon, 8(11), e11194. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11194.

Komorniak, N., Martynova-Van Kley, A., Nalian, A., Wroński, M., Kaseja, K., Kowalewski, B., … Stachowska, E. (2022). Association between Fecal Microbiota, SCFA, Gut Integrity Markers and Depressive Symptoms in Patients Treated in the Past with Bariatric Surgery—The Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients, 14(24), 5372. doi:10.3390/nu14245372.

Ribeiro, M. F., Santos, A. D. S. A., Afonso, M. B., Rodrigues, P. M., Sá Santos, S., Castro, R. E., Rodrigues, C. M. P., & Solá, S. (2020). Diet-dependent gut microbiota impacts on adult neurogenesis through mitochondrial stress modulation. Brain Communications, 2(2), 1-20. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa165.

Bruce-Keller, A. J., Salbaum, J. M., Luo, M., Blanchard, E., Taylor, C. M., Welsh, D. A., & Berthoud, H. R. (2015). Obese-type gut microbiota induce neurobehavioral changes in the absence of obesity. Biological Psychiatry, 77(7), 607–615. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.012.

Boolani, A., Gallivan, K. M., Ondrak, K. S., Christopher, C. J., Castro, H. F., Campagna, S. R., Taylor, C. M., Luo, M., Dowd, S. E., Smith, M. L., & Byerley, L. O. (2022). Trait Energy and Fatigue May Be Connected to Gut Bacteria among Young Physically Active Adults: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients, 14(3), 466. doi:10.3390/nu14030466.

Sauer, A. K., & Grabrucker, A. M. (2019). Zinc Deficiency during Pregnancy Leads to Altered Microbiome and Elevated Inflammatory Markers in Mice. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 1295. doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01295.

Tang, C. F., Wang, C. Y., Wang, J. H., Wang, Q. N., Li, S. J., Wang, H. O., Zhou, F., & Li, J. M. (2022). Short-Chain Fatty Acids Ameliorate Depressive-Like Behaviors of High Fructose-Fed Mice by Rescuing Hippocampal Neurogenesis Decline and Blood–Brain Barrier Damage. Nutrients, 14(9), 1882. doi:10.3390/nu14091882.

Asbjornsdottir, B., Lauth, B., Fasano, A., Thorsdottir, I., Karlsdottir, I., Gudmundsson, L. S., Gottfredsson, M., Smarason, O., Sigurdardottir, S., Halldorsson, T. I., Marteinsson, V. T., Gudmundsdottir, V., & Birgisdottir, B. E. (2022). Meals, Microbiota and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents (MMM-Study): A protocol for an observational longitudinal case-control study. PLoS ONE, 17(9 September), e0273855. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273855.

Bakaloudi, D. R., Halloran, A., Rippin, H. L., Oikonomidou, A. C., Dardavesis, T. I., Williams, J., Wickramasinghe, K., Breda, J., & Chourdakis, M. (2021). Intake and adequacy of the vegan diet. A systematic review of the evidence. Clinical Nutrition, 40(5), 3503–3521. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.035.

Tomova, A., Bukovsky, I., Rembert, E., Yonas, W., Alwarith, J., Barnard, N. D., & Kahleova, H. (2019). The effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on gut microbiota. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6(47), 47. doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00047.

Walsh, H., Lee, M., & Best, T. (2023). The Association between Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivore Diet Quality and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3258. doi:10.3390/ijerph20043258.

Ventriglio, A., Sancassiani, F., Contu, M. P., Latorre, M., Di Slavatore, M., Fornaro, M., & Bhugra, D. (2020). Mediterranean Diet and its Benefits on Health and Mental Health: A Literature Review. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 16(1), 156–164. doi:10.2174/1745017902016010156.

Merra, G., Noce, A., Marrone, G., Cintoni, M., Tarsitano, M. G., Capacci, A., & De Lorenzo, A. (2021). Influence of mediterranean diet on human gut microbiota. Nutrients, 13(1), 1–12. doi:10.3390/nu13010007.

Garcia-Mantrana, I., Selma-Royo, M., Alcantara, C., & Collado, M. C. (2018). Shifts on gut microbiota associated to mediterranean diet adherence and specific dietary intakes on general adult population. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9(May), 1-11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00890.

Fu, J., Zheng, Y., Gao, Y., & Xu, W. (2022). Dietary Fiber Intake and Gut Microbiota in Human Health. Microorganisms, 10(12), 2507. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10122507.

Schnorr, S. L., Candela, M., Rampelli, S., Centanni, M., Consolandi, C., Basaglia, G., Turroni, S., Biagi, E., Peano, C., Severgnini, M., Fiori, J., Gotti, R., De Bellis, G., Luiselli, D., Brigidi, P., Mabulla, A., … Crittenden, A. N. (2014). Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers. Nature Communications, 5, 3654. doi:10.1038/ncomms4654.

Järbrink-Sehgal, E., & Andreasson, A. (2020). The gut microbiota and mental health in adults. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 62, 102–114. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.01.016.

Weston, B., Fogal, B., Cook, D., & Dhurjati, P. (2015). An agent-based modeling framework for evaluating hypotheses on risks for developing autism: Effects of the gut microbial environment. Medical Hypotheses, 84(4), 395–401. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.027.

Madison, A., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2019). Stress, depression, diet, and the gut microbiota: human–bacteria interactions at the core of psychoneuroimmunology and nutrition. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 28, 105–110. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.011.

Ng, Q. X., Lim, Y. L., Yaow, C. Y. L., Ng, W. K., Thumboo, J., & Liew, T. M. (2023). Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Major Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 15(6), 1351. doi:10.3390/nu15061351.

Singh, R. K., Chang, H. W., Yan, D., Lee, K. M., Ucmak, D., Wong, K., Abrouk, M., Farahnik, B., Nakamura, M., Zhu, T. H., Bhutani, T., & Liao, W. (2017). Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. Journal of Translational Medicine, 15(1), 73. doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1175-y.

Marin, I. A., Goertz, J. E., Ren, T., Rich, S. S., Onengut-Gumuscu, S., Farber, E., Wu, M., Overall, C. C., Kipnis, J., & Gaultier, A. (2017). Microbiota alteration is associated with the development of stress-induced despair behavior. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 43859. doi:10.1038/srep43859.

Salleh, R. M., Kuan, G., Aziz, M. N. A., Rahim, M. R. A., Rahayu, T., Sulaiman, S., Kusuma, D. W. Y., Adikari, A. M. G. C. P., Razam, M. S. M., Radhakrishnan, A. K., & Appukutty, M. (2021). Effects of probiotics on anxiety, stress, mood and fitness of badminton players. Nutrients, 13(6), 1783. doi:10.3390/nu13061783.

Kazlausky Esquivel, M. (2022). Probiotics for Mental Health: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 16(1), 21–27. doi:10.1177/15598276211049178.

Akimbekov, N. S., Digel, I., Sherelkhan, D. K., Lutfor, A. B., & Razzaque, M. S. (2020). Vitamin d and the host-gut microbiome: A brief overview. Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica, 53(3), 33–42. doi:10.1267/ahc.20011.

Bellerba, F., Muzio, V., Gnagnarella, P., Facciotti, F., Chiocca, S., Bossi, P., Cortinovis, D., Chiaradonna, F., Serrano, D., Raimondi, S., Zerbato, B., Palorini, R., Canova, S., Gaeta, A., & Gandini, S. (2021). The association between Vitamin D and gut microbiota: A systematic review of human studies. Nutrients, 13(10), 3378. doi:10.3390/nu13103378.

Nicholson, I., Dalzell, A. M., & El-Matary, W. (2012). Vitamin D as a therapy for colitis: A systematic review. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis, 6(4), 405–411. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2012.01.007.

Singh, P., Rawat, A., Alwakeel, M., Sharif, E., & Al Khodor, S. (2020). The potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a gut microbiota modifier in healthy individuals. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 21641. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77806-4.

Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E., Kupisz-Urbanska, M., Lukaszkiewicz, J., Pludowski, P., & Jones, G. (2018). Vitamin D Toxicity a clinical perspective. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9(SEP), 1-7. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00550.

Takada, M., Nishida, K., Kataoka-Kato, A., Gondo, Y., Ishikawa, H., Suda, K., Kawai, M., Hoshi, R., Watanabe, O., Igarashi, T., Kuwano, Y., Miyazaki, K., & Rokutan, K. (2016). Probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota relieves stress-associated symptoms by modulating the gut–brain interaction in human and animal models. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(7), 1027–1036. doi:10.1111/nmo.12804.

Bravo, J. A., Forsythe, P., Chew, M. V., Escaravage, E., Savignac, H. M., Dinan, T. G., Bienenstock, J., & Cryan, J. F. (2011). Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(38), 16050–16055. doi:10.1073/pnas.1102999108.

Zagato, E., Pozzi, C., Bertocchi, A., Schioppa, T., Saccheri, F., Guglietta, S., Fosso, B., Melocchi, L., Nizzoli, G., Troisi, J., Marzano, M., Oresta, B., Spadoni, I., Atarashi, K., Carloni, S., Arioli, S., Fornasa, G., Asnicar, F., Segata, N., … Rescigno, M. (2020). Endogenous murine microbiota member Faecalibaculum rodentium and its human homologue protect from intestinal tumour growth. Nature Microbiology, 5(3), 511–524. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0649-5.

Nucci, D., Fatigoni, C., Amerio, A., Odone, A., & Gianfredi, V. (2020). Red and processed meat consumption and risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1–20. doi:10.3390/ijerph17186686.

Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Xie, M. sheng, Ding, X., Li, H., Liu, Z. chen, & Peng, S. fang. (2017). Is meat consumption associated with depression? A meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 409. doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1540-7.

Murphy, E. F., Cotter, P. D., Hogan, A., O’Sullivan, O., Joyce, A., Fouhy, F., Clarke, S. F., Marques, T. M., O’Toole, P. W., Stanton, C., Quigley, E. M. M., Daly, C., Ross, P. R., O’Doherty, R. M., & Shanahan, F. (2013). Divergent metabolic outcomes arising from targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota in diet-induced obesity. Gut, 62(2), 220–226. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300705.

Choi, S., Hong, D. K., Choi, B. Y., & Suh, S. W. (2020). Zinc in the brain: Friend or foe? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(23), 1–24. doi:10.3390/ijms21238941.

Maxfield, L., Shukla, S., and Crane, J. S. (2023). Zinc deficiency. StatPearls Publishing, FLorida, United States. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493231/ (accessed on March 2023).

Scarpellini, E., Balsiger, L. M., Maurizi, V., Rinninella, E., Gasbarrini, A., Giostra, N., Santori, P., Abenavoli, L., & Rasetti, C. (2022). Zinc and gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease under the COVID-19 suggestion. BioFactors, 48(2), 294–306. doi:10.1002/biof.1829.

Agedew, E., Tsegaye, B., Bante, A., Zerihun, E., Aklilu, A., Girma, M., Kerebih, H., Wale, M. Z., & Yirsaw, M. T. (2022). Zinc deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women’s attending antenatal clinics in public health facilities of Konso Zone, Southern Ethiopia. PLoS ONE, 17(7 July), e0270971. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270971.

Koren, O., & Tako, E. (2020). Chronic Dietary Zinc Deficiency Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function. First International Electronic Conference on Nutrients, Microbiota and Chronic Disease (MDPI), 16. doi:10.3390/iecn2020-06993.

Johnson, J. M., & Conforti, F. D. (2003). FRUCTOSE. In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Elsevier, 2748–2752. doi:10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/00529-0.

Hsu, C. N., Yu, H. R., Chan, J. Y. H., Wu, K. L. H., Lee, W. C., & Tain, Y. L. (2022). The Impact of Gut Microbiome on Maternal Fructose Intake-Induced Developmental Programming of Adult Disease. Nutrients, 14(5), 1031. doi:10.3390/nu14051031.

Guo, P., Wang, H., Ji, L., Song, P., & Ma, X. (2021). Impacts of fructose on intestinal barrier function, inflammation and microbiota in a piglet model. Nutrients, 13(10), 3515. doi:10.3390/nu13103515.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2023-05-02-05

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Maurice HT Ling